Pages 938 and 939
Critical Thinking Questions: 4, 7
What effect would it have on a woman's menstrual cycles if a single ovary were removed surgically? What effect would it have if both ovaries were removed.
I think that it would cause early menopause becuase of the lack of hormones. I think it would cause much confusion?
What types of contraceptives provide the greatest protection against sexually transmitted diseases? Condoms.
Review Exercises: 1, 7, 8, 10, 11, 20, 29, 33, 38, 40, 49, 54, 58, 61, 62, 63
List the general functions of the male reproductive system.
THey are specialized to produce and maintain sperm, they also transport these cells to the female reproductive tract.|
Outtline the process of meiosis.
Prophase I ----> Metaphase I -----> Anaphase I -----> Telophase I.
List two ways that meiosis provides genetic variability.
Any one of a persons more than 8 million possible combinations of 23 chromosomes can combine with any of one of the more than 6 million combinations of his or her mate. Crossing over is another way to create genetic variability
Describe a sperm cell. a tiny, tadpole-shaped structure.
Describe the epididymis, and explain its function.
A tightly coiled threadlike tube about 6 meters long. Sperm mature in the epididymis.
Explain the mechanism that produces an erection of the penis.
Parasymathetic nerve impulses release vasodilator nitric oxide, which causes the arteries leading into the penis to dilate, increasing blood flow into erectile tissues.
List the general functions of the female reproductive system.
Are specialized to produce and maintain egg cells, also to transport these cells to the site of fertilization, and to provide a favorable enviroment for a develeloping offspring. Also to move the offspring outside, and produce female sex hormones.
Describe the structure of an ovary.
Solid ovoid structures measuring about 3.5 centimeters in length.
Define ovulation.
As a follicle matures, its primary oocyte undergoes meiosis I, giving rise to a secondary oocyte and a first polar body. This is called ovulation.
Describe the structure of the uterus.
A hollow, muscular organ, shaped like an inverted pear.
Define menstrual cycle.
Regular recurring changes in the endometrium, which culminate in menstrual bleeding.
Describe the process of fertilization.
WHen a sperm reaches a seondary oocyte it invades the follicular cells that adhere to the oocytes surface. An enzyme is released that helps the sperm penetrate the zona pellucida.
Discuss the events that occur during the birth process.
Muscular contractions force the fetus through the birth canal. Rhythmic contractions that begin at the top of the uterus and travel down its length force the contents of the uterus towards the cervix. THe head stretches the cervix, upon pushing against the cervix reflex stimulates stronger labor contractions. The placenta comes out after the birth.
Define contraception. A way to prevent pregnancy.
List several methods of contraception, and explain how each prevents pregnancy.
Condoms - keeps sperm out of vagina
Birth control pill- Prevents ovulation and implantation
Withdrawal - Removal of penis before ejaculation.
List several sexually transmitted diseases.
Genital herpes
Genital warts
Gonorrhea
Syphillis
Aids
Tuesday, December 4, 2007
Thursday, November 29, 2007
Wednesday, November 28, 2007
Menstrual Hormonal Control
What is a hormone?
Chemicals that are produced in one part of the body and used in another
What system is responsible for the production of hormones?
The Endocrine System
Sketch a picture of the female reproductive system. Include the oviduct, ovaries, uterus, cervix and vagina.
Where does the embryo undergo most of its development?
Uterus
What is another name for the fallopian tube?
oviduct
Where does fertilization take place?
oviduct, (or fallopian tubes)
What is ovulation?
Changes that occur to the ovaries during the menstrual cycle
What is the follicle converted to?
A Corpus Luteum
What happens during the flow phase?
Hormone production stops. Uterus lining sloughs off.
What happens during the follicular phase?
Follicle gets bigger and produces a hormone which makes uterus lining thicker.
What happens during the luteal phase?
Follicle is converted into a corpus luteum. this makes the uterus thicken more.
What happens to the uterine lining during the first phase?
It sloughs
What are the four hormones that control the menstrual cycle?
LH, FSH, Progestrerone, Estrogen
As FSH increases in concentration in the blood , the follicle is?
Developing
When the follicle ruptures it releases what?
Ova
What is considered the hormone of pregnancy?
Progesterone
What is the rhythm method?
Birth control in which you utry to anticipate the days of the ovulation
What do you call a couple using the rhythm method?
parents...
bad joke.
What is menopause? What causes it?
The cessation of menstruation, The cessation of Lh.
When does fertilization occur?
When the sperm and the ova combine in the oviducts
When is a zygote formed?
When the sperm and the ova combine.
What is a placenta?
IT transfers material between the embyro and uterus
Chemicals that are produced in one part of the body and used in another
What system is responsible for the production of hormones?
The Endocrine System
Sketch a picture of the female reproductive system. Include the oviduct, ovaries, uterus, cervix and vagina.
Where does the embryo undergo most of its development?
Uterus
What is another name for the fallopian tube?
oviduct
Where does fertilization take place?
oviduct, (or fallopian tubes)
What is ovulation?
Changes that occur to the ovaries during the menstrual cycle
What is the follicle converted to?
A Corpus Luteum
What happens during the flow phase?
Hormone production stops. Uterus lining sloughs off.
What happens during the follicular phase?
Follicle gets bigger and produces a hormone which makes uterus lining thicker.
What happens during the luteal phase?
Follicle is converted into a corpus luteum. this makes the uterus thicken more.
What happens to the uterine lining during the first phase?
It sloughs
What are the four hormones that control the menstrual cycle?
LH, FSH, Progestrerone, Estrogen
As FSH increases in concentration in the blood , the follicle is?
Developing
When the follicle ruptures it releases what?
Ova
What is considered the hormone of pregnancy?
Progesterone
What is the rhythm method?
Birth control in which you utry to anticipate the days of the ovulation
What do you call a couple using the rhythm method?
parents...
bad joke.
What is menopause? What causes it?
The cessation of menstruation, The cessation of Lh.
When does fertilization occur?
When the sperm and the ova combine in the oviducts
When is a zygote formed?
When the sperm and the ova combine.
What is a placenta?
IT transfers material between the embyro and uterus
Tuesday, November 27, 2007
Reproductive Questions
What is the purpose of the reproductive system?
production of offspring
What is the function of the ovaries?
produce ova and female hormones
What is the structure that connects the ovaries to the uterus?
The fallopian tubes
What is the name of the lining of the uterus?
endometrium
Name the three parts of the uterus and where they are located.
Fundus, top, Body, middle, and cervix, bottom.
What is the female organ of copulation?
The vagina
Sketch a picture of the female reproductive system. Include the following: bladder, ovary, uterus, fallopian tube, urethra, vagina.
What is the male organ of copulation?
the penis
What are the two functions of the urethra in the male?
transport urine and semen
What are the two functions of the testes?
Produce and secrete an endocrine substance
What is the name of the structure where the testes are located?
scrotum
Why are the testes located outside the body?
Body heat would kill the sperm
Where do sperm mature?
epididymis
What is the vas deferens?
tube that connects epididymis and ejaculatory duct.
What is the structure that secretes and stores a fluid releases at the time of ejaculation?
seminal vesicles
What are the functions of the prostate gland?
Keeps sperm mobile and protects from harmful acid in the urethra and vagina.
What is semen?
made up of sperm cells
Sketch a picture of the male reproductive system. Include the following: penis, seminal vesicles, epididymis, cowper’s gland, testes, scrotum, vas deferens, urethra, prostate, ejaculatory duct. You guys will need to do this in paint. Sorry, but I am not there to get the drawings by hand
production of offspring
What is the function of the ovaries?
produce ova and female hormones
What is the structure that connects the ovaries to the uterus?
The fallopian tubes
What is the name of the lining of the uterus?
endometrium
Name the three parts of the uterus and where they are located.
Fundus, top, Body, middle, and cervix, bottom.
What is the female organ of copulation?
The vagina
Sketch a picture of the female reproductive system. Include the following: bladder, ovary, uterus, fallopian tube, urethra, vagina.
What is the male organ of copulation?
the penis
What are the two functions of the urethra in the male?
transport urine and semen
What are the two functions of the testes?
Produce and secrete an endocrine substance
What is the name of the structure where the testes are located?
scrotum
Why are the testes located outside the body?
Body heat would kill the sperm
Where do sperm mature?
epididymis
What is the vas deferens?
tube that connects epididymis and ejaculatory duct.
What is the structure that secretes and stores a fluid releases at the time of ejaculation?
seminal vesicles
What are the functions of the prostate gland?
Keeps sperm mobile and protects from harmful acid in the urethra and vagina.
What is semen?
made up of sperm cells
Sketch a picture of the male reproductive system. Include the following: penis, seminal vesicles, epididymis, cowper’s gland, testes, scrotum, vas deferens, urethra, prostate, ejaculatory duct. You guys will need to do this in paint. Sorry, but I am not there to get the drawings by hand
Urinary
What are three functions of the kidneys?
Filters matter from blood
Elminates waste products in the blood in the form of urine
Selectively reabsorbs substances body can make use of
What is the protective layer around the kidney?
peri-renal capsul
What is the outer layer of the kidney?
Cortex
What is the urine collection system of the kidney?
medulla
What is the dilated end of the ureters called?
pelvis
What is the function of the bladder?
to store urine
What transports urine in males? Females?
The urethra in both.
Filters matter from blood
Elminates waste products in the blood in the form of urine
Selectively reabsorbs substances body can make use of
What is the protective layer around the kidney?
peri-renal capsul
What is the outer layer of the kidney?
Cortex
What is the urine collection system of the kidney?
medulla
What is the dilated end of the ureters called?
pelvis
What is the function of the bladder?
to store urine
What transports urine in males? Females?
The urethra in both.
Defintions
corpus luteum: A small yellow structure developing within the ruptured ovarian follicle after the egg has been released.
epididymis: a coiled tube attached to the back of each testis where sperm mature
gonad: an organ that produces gametes (ova and sperm
meiosis: cell division by which eggs and sperm are produced.
oocyte: Unfertilized egg cell
ovary: female gonad which manufactures estrogens and eggs
placenta: A structure attached to the wall of the uterus to nourish the fetus during pregnancy
scrotum: The sac of skin that surrounds the testicles.
seminiferous tubule: any of the numerous long convoluted tubules in the testis which are the sites where spermatozoa mature
testis: a male's testes are located in a pouch that hangs suspended outside his body. The testes produce testosterone and sperm
vulva : The external female genital organs, including the clitoris, vaginal lips and the opening to the vagina.
blastocyst : The preimplantation embryo of mammals consisting of a sphere of cells with an outer cell layer that forms the placenta and a cluster of cells on the interior called the inner cell mass that forms the embryo.
embryo: In humans, the developing individual from the time of implantation to about the end of the second month after conception
fetus: An animal in the later stage of development before birth. In humans, the fetal stage is the from the end of the third month until birth
implantation: The embedding of the fertilized egg in the endometrium of the uterus.
lactation: Secretion or formation of milk by the mammary glands.
umbilical cord : the cord that connects the fetus to the maternal placenta, providing nutrients and removing wastes
yolk sac: where the embryo develops
zygote: A cell formed by the union of two gametes
ultrasound: A procedure in which high-energy sound waves are bounced off internal tissues or organs and make echoes.
epididymis: a coiled tube attached to the back of each testis where sperm mature
gonad: an organ that produces gametes (ova and sperm
meiosis: cell division by which eggs and sperm are produced.
oocyte: Unfertilized egg cell
ovary: female gonad which manufactures estrogens and eggs
placenta: A structure attached to the wall of the uterus to nourish the fetus during pregnancy
scrotum: The sac of skin that surrounds the testicles.
seminiferous tubule: any of the numerous long convoluted tubules in the testis which are the sites where spermatozoa mature
testis: a male's testes are located in a pouch that hangs suspended outside his body. The testes produce testosterone and sperm
vulva : The external female genital organs, including the clitoris, vaginal lips and the opening to the vagina.
blastocyst : The preimplantation embryo of mammals consisting of a sphere of cells with an outer cell layer that forms the placenta and a cluster of cells on the interior called the inner cell mass that forms the embryo.
embryo: In humans, the developing individual from the time of implantation to about the end of the second month after conception
fetus: An animal in the later stage of development before birth. In humans, the fetal stage is the from the end of the third month until birth
implantation: The embedding of the fertilized egg in the endometrium of the uterus.
lactation: Secretion or formation of milk by the mammary glands.
umbilical cord : the cord that connects the fetus to the maternal placenta, providing nutrients and removing wastes
yolk sac: where the embryo develops
zygote: A cell formed by the union of two gametes
ultrasound: A procedure in which high-energy sound waves are bounced off internal tissues or organs and make echoes.
Monday, November 26, 2007
Digestive
What is the digestive tract?
A tract in which food passes through. It is broken down as it passes through.
What happens to undigested materials in the digestive tract? It exits through the anus.
What is the function of the mouth in the digestion process?
Breaks down food and mixes with saliva to help further break it down.
What is the term for the small mass of food that enters into the esophagus?
Bolus
What triggers peristalsis?
The bolus being present in the esophagus
What is the function of the cardiac sphincter?
To close the stomach and prevent food from reentering the esophagus
What is the mucous membrane?
A protective layer which prevents your body from digesting itself.
How long is the small intestine?
over 20 ft.
Where does most digestion and absorption of nutrients take place?
In the small intenstine
What increase the surface area of the small intestine?
villi
What is the first section of the small intestine? What is its function?
Duodenem, it can detect the present of hypo, and hypertonic solutions.
Where is bile stored?
gallbladder
What is segmentation?
A muscular contraction similiar to peristalsis, it occurs as chyme enters the duodenem.
When does the ileocecal sphincter open? When the amount of food begins to build up.
What is the function of the anal sphincter? It stops waste from leaving the body until all the nutrients are absorbed.
What is the function of the appendix in humans? IT has no apparent function, but in some other mammals in helps in the digestion of cellulose.
Where does digestion begin?
mouth
What is gastric juice made of?
Hydrochloric acid and enzymes
Where are enzymes released in the small intestine produced?
Pancreas and intestinal glands
What is the function of the following enzymes: amylase, lactase, maltase, sucrase, and lipase?
Amylase completes the process of hydrolizing starch
Lactase breaks apart Lactose
Maltase breaks apart Maltose
Sucrase breaks apart Sucrose
Lipase splits fat into glycerol and fatty acids
There are two ways that nutrients get into the blood stream. Describe each method.
Diffusion and Active Transport
A tract in which food passes through. It is broken down as it passes through.
What happens to undigested materials in the digestive tract? It exits through the anus.
What is the function of the mouth in the digestion process?
Breaks down food and mixes with saliva to help further break it down.
What is the term for the small mass of food that enters into the esophagus?
Bolus
What triggers peristalsis?
The bolus being present in the esophagus
What is the function of the cardiac sphincter?
To close the stomach and prevent food from reentering the esophagus
What is the mucous membrane?
A protective layer which prevents your body from digesting itself.
How long is the small intestine?
over 20 ft.
Where does most digestion and absorption of nutrients take place?
In the small intenstine
What increase the surface area of the small intestine?
villi
What is the first section of the small intestine? What is its function?
Duodenem, it can detect the present of hypo, and hypertonic solutions.
Where is bile stored?
gallbladder
What is segmentation?
A muscular contraction similiar to peristalsis, it occurs as chyme enters the duodenem.
When does the ileocecal sphincter open? When the amount of food begins to build up.
What is the function of the anal sphincter? It stops waste from leaving the body until all the nutrients are absorbed.
What is the function of the appendix in humans? IT has no apparent function, but in some other mammals in helps in the digestion of cellulose.
Where does digestion begin?
mouth
What is gastric juice made of?
Hydrochloric acid and enzymes
Where are enzymes released in the small intestine produced?
Pancreas and intestinal glands
What is the function of the following enzymes: amylase, lactase, maltase, sucrase, and lipase?
Amylase completes the process of hydrolizing starch
Lactase breaks apart Lactose
Maltase breaks apart Maltose
Sucrase breaks apart Sucrose
Lipase splits fat into glycerol and fatty acids
There are two ways that nutrients get into the blood stream. Describe each method.
Diffusion and Active Transport
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)
